The Kilt was invented in 1727 by an Englishman named Thomas Rawlinson, because he thought traditional Scottish garb (plaid means blanket in Gaelic) was too cumbersome for efficient work by his Scottish employees.
The tartans were (essentially) invented by John and Charles Edward Stuart, two charlatans who claimed to be offspring of the British crown, and who created much of what is now considered traditional Scottish culture. The first tartans in the book on the Highland costumes numbered 76, over 50 of which were invented by the Stuarts specifically forthe book, first published in 1842.
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